可以baidu一下奥星关于红锈及去除的PPT，或者google一下Rouge in pure steam piping/steam sterilizers。 例如“Rouge results from exposure to highly aggressive environments such as purified-water or -steam systems, chloride or corrosive products, and high-temperature stress or erosion. Other factors that cause rouge are nonstainless-steel components or inserts, improper welding, surface defects, and inadequate cleaning or passivation.” 参考 http://www.pharmtech.com/addressing-rouge-biopharmaceutical-manufacturing-systems